IBM SDK/DDK Glossary: Difference between revisions
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This is the standard IBM SDK/DDK Glossary that is used by multiple documents including the [[Virtual Device Driver Reference for OS/2]], [[MMPM/2 Device Driver Reference]], [[Display Device Driver Reference for OS/2]], [[Virtual Device Driver Reference for OS/2]], [[Printer Device Driver|Printer Device Driver Reference for OS/2]], [[Storage Device Driver Reference]], | This is the standard IBM SDK/DDK Glossary that is used by multiple documents including the [[Virtual Device Driver Reference for OS/2]], [[MMPM/2 Device Driver Reference]], [[Display Device Driver Reference for OS/2]], [[Virtual Device Driver Reference for OS/2]], [[Printer Device Driver|Printer Device Driver Reference for OS/2]], [[Storage Device Driver Reference]], GRADD Reference Glossary, [[Input Output Device Driver Reference]] and others. | ||
=Glossary= | =Glossary= |
Revision as of 14:25, 14 November 2017
By IBM
Reprint Courtesy of International Business Machines Corporation, © International Business Machines Corporation
This is the standard IBM SDK/DDK Glossary that is used by multiple documents including the Virtual Device Driver Reference for OS/2, MMPM/2 Device Driver Reference, Display Device Driver Reference for OS/2, Virtual Device Driver Reference for OS/2, Printer Device Driver Reference for OS/2, Storage Device Driver Reference, GRADD Reference Glossary, Input Output Device Driver Reference and others.
Glossary
This glossary contains terms and definitions that are, for the most part, used for OS/2 products. This is not a complete dictionary of computer terms.
Introduction
This glossary defines many of the terms used in this book. It includes terms and definitions from the IBM Dictionary of Computing, as well as terms specific to the Presentation Manager, but it is not a complete glossary for OS/2.
Other primary sources for these definitions are:
- The American National Standard Dictionary for Information Systems, ANSI X3 .172-1990, copyrighted 1990 by the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036. These definitions are identified by the symbol (A) after the definition.
- The Information Technology Vocabulary, developed by Subcommittee 1, Joint Technical Committee 1, of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC1). Definitions of published parts of this vocabulary are identified by the symbol (I) after the definition; definitions taken from draft international standards, committee drafts, and working papers being developed by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC1 are identified by the symbol (T) after the definition, indicating that final agreement has not yet been reached among the participating National Bodies of SC1.
Glossary
A
- ABIOS
- accumulator
- access permission
- adapter
- adapter device driver
- address space
- all points addressable (APA)
- American National Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
- anchor block
- anchor point
- APA
- API
- Application Programming Interface (API)
- archive flag
- area
- ASCIIZ
- aspect ratio
- asynchronous (ASYNC)
- atom
- atom table
- AVIO
B
- background color
- background mix
- base device driver
- BASEDEV keyword
- Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
- Bezier curve
- BIOS
- bit-block transfer (bitblt)
- bitblt
- bit map
- block
- Bit block transfer (bitblt)
- border
- BPB
- breakpoint
- Bus Master adapter
C
- cached micro presentation space
- CDB
- cell
- character box
- character cell
- character mode
- clipping
- clip limits
- clipping path
- code page
- code point
- code segment
- color conversion
- color dithering
- command code
- command data block
- command descriptor block (CDB)
- command modifier
- compatibility kernel
- CON
- conditional compilation
- context hook
- control program
- controller sector buffer
D
- DASD
- data bus
- data structure
- DBCS
- DC
- DDB
- deinstantiation
- DevHlp
- device context (DC)
- device driver
- device driver initialization (init) time
- device driver profile
- device helper (DevHlp)
- device object
- device table
- direct access storage device (DASD)
- direct memory access (DMA)
- display frame
- dispatch table
- dithering
- DLL
- DMA
- double-byte character set (DBCS)
- driver
- dynamic link library (DLL)
E
F
- Far call
- fillet
- filter adapter device driver
- first-party DMA adapter
- flag
- flat address
- frame styles
- freeze and thaw services
G
- GDT
- Global Descriptor Table (GDT)
- glyph
- GPI
- graphic primitive
- graphics attributes
- Graphics programming interface (GPI)
- graphics segment
- GRE
H
handle - (1) An identifier that represents an object, such as a device or a window, to the Presentation Interface. (2) In the Advanced DOS and OS/2 operating systems, a binary value created by the system that identifies a drive, directory, and file so that the file can be found and opened.
handshaking - A method by which two pieces of hardware, such as a personal computer and a plotter, can communicate. Depending upon the devices communicating, handshaking occurs either as a hardware function or through software, such as a device driver.
hard error - An error condition on a network that requires that the network be reconfigured or that the source of the error be removed before the network can resume reliable operation.
hardware palette - The array of RGBs that the physical device is displaying .
heap - An area of free storage available for dynamic allocation by an application. Its size varies depending on the storage requirements of the application.
hex - See hexadecimal
hexadecimal - Pertaining to a system of numbers to the base 16; hexadecimal digits range from 0 through 9 and A through F, where A represents 10 and F represents 15.
hook - A point in a system-defined function where an application can supply additional code that the system processes as though it were part of the function.
hook chain - A sequence of hook procedures that are "chained" together so that each event is passed in turn to each procedure in the chain.
I
IDC - Inter-device-driver communication.
in-memory buffer - A block of memory in the address space of the host machine, used for data transfer.
init time - See initialization time, device driver.
initialization time, device driver - After the OS/2 loads a device driver, it sends it an OS/2 request packet to initialize. During this initialization, certain DevHlp functions are not permitted. Also called init time.
Input/Output Control (IOCtl) - A system service that provides a way for an application to send device-specific control commands to a device driver.
Input/Output Privilege Level (IOPL) - Allows part of a Ring 3 application or device driver to execute at Ring 0.
input router - OS/2 internal process that removes messages from the system queue.
inter-device-driver communication (IDC) - A mechanism that enables a physical device driver to communicate with another physical device driver.
interprocess communication - In the OS/2 operating system, the exchange of information between processes or threads through semaphores, queues, and shared memory.
interrupt - An instruction that directs the microprocessor to suspend what it is doing and run a specified routine. When the routine is complete, the microprocessor resumes its original work. See also routine.
interrupt request (IR) - Broadly, an "interrupt request level", referring to pending or in-service interrupt requests, or to a specific level (for example, IR 4).
interrupt request flag - A bit in the 8259 PIC controller that indicates an interrupt is pending on particular level. The VPIC also maintains a virtual interrupt request flag for each interrupt level for each DOS session.
interrupt service flag - A bit in the 8259 PIC controller that indicates an interrupt request is being serviced. It is cleared when the PIC is sent EOI . The VPIC maintains a virtual interrupt service flag indicating that a simulated interrupt is in-progress in a DOS session.
interrupt time - When a device driver is run because of an interrupt rather than because of an application request. OS/2 device drivers receive interrupts either from the hardware they manage or from the system real- time clock.
During interrupt time, certain DevHlp functions are not permitted. Also, addresses received directly from OS/2 applications might not be valid unless they are converted system addresses.
IOCtl - Input/Output Control.
IOPL - Input/Output Privilege Level.
IORB - Input/Output Request Block.
Input/Output Request Block (IORB) - A data structure defined by this specification that is passed as a parameter on all calls to an adapter device driver. It contains a fixed section, followed by a command-dependent section.
IORBH - Input/Output Request Block Header
IRET - Interrupt return.
IRQ - Interrupt Request.
J
K
L
M
- memory device context
- metafile
- metafile device context
- mickey
- mixed character string
- mutex semaphore
N
P
physical address - A 32-bit byte address giving the actual address in physical storage for a data item.
physical device driver (PDD) - A system interface that handles hardware interrupts and supports a set of input and output functions.
pipe - See named pipe, unnamed pipe.
picture element (pel, pixel) - (1) In computer graphics, the smallest element of a display surface that can be independently assigned color and intensity. (T) . (2) The area of the finest detail that can be reproduced effectively on the recording medium. (3) An element of a raster pattern about which a toned area on a photoconductor can appear.
PIO - Programmed I/O.
pixel - Picture element.
polyfillet - A curve based on a sequence of lines. The curve is tangential to the end points of the first and last lines, and tangential also to the midpoints of all other lines.
polyline - In computer graphics, a sequence of adjoining lines.
pop - To remove an item from the top of a pushdown list. Contrast with push .
prefetch - To locate and load a quantity of data in anticipation of a request.
presence-check function - A Ring 3 (non-privileged) .EXE program that determines whether a given hardware interface is present on a workstation.
PRESENCECHECK - A keyword, interpreted by the DDINSTAL utility, to determine whether to process the device driver profile file, based on the return code from PRESENCECHECK.
printer driver - A file that describes the physical characteristics of a printer, plotter, or other peripheral device, and is used to convert graphics and text into device-specific data at the time of printing or plotting.
Print Manager - In the Presentation Manager, the part of the spooler that manages the spooling process. It also allows the user to view print queues and to manipulate print jobs.
privilege level - A method of protection that allows only certain program instructions to be used by certain programs.
program group - Several programs that can be acted upon as a single entity.
protect mode - A method of program operation that limits or prevents access to certain instructions or areas of storage. Contrast with real mode.
push - To add an item to the top of a pushdown list. Contrast with pop.
Q
R
read-only memory basic input/output system (ROM-BIOS) - Microcode in read- only memory that controls basic input/output operations such as interactions with cassettes, diskette drives, hard disk drives, and the keyboard. See also BIOS, NetBIOS.
Note: ROM BIOS allows the user to write programs and add or remove devices without concern for characteristics such as device addresses.
real mode - In the OS/2 operating system, a method of program operation that does not limit or prevent access to any instructions or areas of storage. The operating system loads the entire program into storage and gives the program access to all system resources.
reentrant - The attribute of a program or routine that allows the same copy of the program or routine to be used concurrently by two or more tasks.
removable-media indicator - A flag (bit) indicating that a device permits media removal.
resource - The means of providing extra information used in the definition of a window. A resource can contain definitions of fonts, templates, accelerators and mnemonics; the definitions are held in a resource file.
resurrection - The Presentation Manager event that occurs when switched back from a full-screen DOS or WIN-OS/2 session.
RETF - Return far.
reverse video - A form of highlighting a character, field, or cursor by reversing the color of the character, field, or cursor with its background; for example, changing a red character on a black background to a black character on a red background.
ROM BIOS - Read-Only Memory Basic Input/Output System.
ROP - Raster operation.
RTC - Real-Time Clock.
S
- SBCS
- SCB
- screen device context
- SCSI
- seamless windows
- second-party DMA adapter
- semaphore
- sense data
- single-byte character set (SBCS)
- Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
- spline curve
- spooler
- synchronous
T
U
V
- VBIOS
- VCMOS
- VDD
- VDH
- VDM
- VDMA
- VDSK
- video graphics adapter (VGA)
- VIO
- VIRR
- Virtual Device Driver (VDD)
- virtual DevHlp (VDH)
- virtual I/O (VIO)
- virtual memory
- Virtual Programmable Interrupt Controller
- virtual storage
- visible region
- VPIC
- VRAM
- VTIMER
- V86 mode