Jump to content

LISP: Difference between revisions

From EDM2
← Older editNewer edit →
Line 61: Line 61:
* [[ECoLisp]] - Open Source - Sort of current
* [[ECoLisp]] - Open Source - Sort of current
* [[Golden Common-LISP]] - Commercial - Current
* [[Golden Common-LISP]] - Commercial - Current
* [[IQLISP]] - Commercial - Discontinued
* [[Kyoto Common Lisp]] - Open Source - Discontinued
* [[Kyoto Common Lisp]] - Open Source - Discontinued
* [[Le-Lisp]] - Commercial - Discontinued
* [[Le-Lisp]] - Commercial - Discontinued
Line 71: Line 72:
* [[XLISP]] - Open source - Discontinued
* [[XLISP]] - Open source - Discontinued
</div>
</div>
====Libraries====
====Libraries====
* [[Closette]] - Meta-object protocol - Open source - Discontinued
* [[Closette]] - Meta-object protocol - Open source - Discontinued

Revision as of 15:14, 9 April 2016

List processing language, one of the earliest programming language to feature a garbage collector, it was first described in 1959 with working implementations arriving in the 1960's. Popular in early AI research but is also used as a scripting language in packages such as Emacs, later variants have gained functional programming features and most modern variants have also gotten some object-oriented features, but referring to any LISP variant as an object-oriented or a functional programming language is taking religious fervour a step too far.

The main problem LISP originally had in gaining any mainstream acceptance as a programming language was simply performance related, while LISP was perfectly acceptable for writing small programs in, large programs could only be done cost effectively after the advent of virtual memory, but that only happened in the late 60's on mainframes, in the 80's for minicomputers and workstations and in the 90's for microcomputers and by that time the LISP world had become so fragmented that it had difficulty maintaining any traction. This also lead a number of companies to release computer systems in the 1970's and 80's that were specifically designed to run LISP.

Common Lisp

A dialect of LISP that adds functional programming, object-oriented and procedural features but cuts down the language features from what was common in the 70's although not as severely as Scheme. It was originally instigated by the USA's department of defence in the early 1980's as LISP variants used by contractors were starting to become so diverse that porting of code between projects was becoming difficult. It has since become the most popular variant of the language but sometimes gets criticised for being rather large in comparison to Scheme.

Scheme

A version of LISP introduced in 1975 that cuts down the language considerably but at the same time adds some functional features. The most popular variant of LISP for a while as it was much simpler to implement than full LISP or the later Common Lisp but its popularity has waned considerably. There is also yet another schism happening in the Scheme world, most modern versions and all OS/2 version of Scheme follow the Revised(5) Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme or the older but largely identical Revised(4) (See Standards at the bottom of page for links), but a new Revised(6) standard from 2007 that introduces a number of incompatibilities has got a part of the Scheme community in a knot, meaning that some Scheme implementations aim at R(6) compatibility while others have declared that they will not use R(6) and continue developing from the R(5) standard.

Common Lisp Object System (CLOS)

The object-oriented features introduced as a component for Common Lisp although the original proposal actually predates CL. It adds an optional fully featured object model to CL but what is unusual about it is that it is bolt-on, it is in other words a layer on top of the the language rather than a language feature so a number of other LISP and Scheme variants have created or ported CLOS onto their systems as well.

Standard LISP

As LISP implementations were already starting to diverge enough to make porting between systems difficult by the mid 60's, so a new informal standard was proposed in 1969 that mostly mimicked a minimalistic but fast LISP implementation done as Stanford University in the USA, this never became a popular standard on minicomputers or micros but a number of mainframe implementations followed it to take advantage of mathematical packages that had been developed on the Stanford IBM system. An implementation in BCPL called Cambridge Lisp became fairly common on some home computer systems in Europe in the latter half of the 80's as it was cheap, a variant of Cambridge Lisp re-written in C is available as an open source package. Portable Standard Lisp was a follow on to Standard Lisp that also failed to set the world on fire.

A list of OS/2 implementations of LISP

Libraries

  • Closette - Meta-object protocol - Open source - Discontinued
  • Portable Common Loops - Object oriented abstractions - Open source - Discontinued
  • Screamer - Nondeterministic programming - Open source - Some current development
  • SLIB Portable Scheme Library - Portable version of Scheme in a library form - Open Source - Current.
  • Snappy - Compression library - Open Source - Current.

Foreign libraries with LISP or Scheme bindings

  • LibcURL - Internet URL (WWW, FTP, etc) access (LISP + Scheme) - Open Source - Current.
  • Snappy - Compression lib. - Open Source - Current.

LISP related programmer's utilities

  • DTRACE - Debug tool - Open source - Discontinued.
  • Exuberant ctags - Creates index files out of Scheme and LISP source files - Open source - Current.

OS/2 text & programmers editors with LISP support

  • Boxer - LISP syntax highlighting support built in - Commercial - Discontinued.
  • jEdit - Java based - LISP and Scheme syntax highlighting built in - Current.
  • Lugaru Epsilon - LISP syntax highlighting and autoindent available as a separate download. - Commercial.

LISP source code snippets, archives and collections

Small programs or routines that you can integrate into your own programs or study to learn from, but are not delivered in library form.

A list of DOS implementations of LISP

Libraries

  • Closette - Meta-object protocol - Open source - Discontinued
  • Dblisp - dBase II/II database access for GCL - Commercial - Discontinued
  • Portable Common Loops - Object oriented abstractions - Open source - Discontinued
  • Screamer - Nondeterministic programming - Open source - Some current development
  • SLIB Portable Scheme Library - Portable version of Scheme in a library form - Open Source - Current.

Closely related languages

DOS text & programmers editors with LISP support

  • Boxer - LISP syntax highlighting support built in - Commercial - Discontinued.

A list of LISP implementations that run under WinOS/2

Libraries

A list of LISP implementations that run under Java

Related languages
  • Clojure - Functional language that uses LISP syntax.

A list of LISP implementations in JavaScript

  • Biwa Scheme - Conforms to Revised(6) - Open source - Current
Related languages

Publications

Books

English

  • John R. Anderson, Albert Corbett and Brian J. Reiser: Essential Lisp - 1986 - Addison-Wesley - ISBN 0201111489
  • Timothy D. Koschmann: The Common LISP Companion - 1990 - Wiley - ISBN 0471503088
  • Patrick Henry Winston and Berthold K.P. Horn: Lisp (Third edition) - 1989 - Addison-Wesley - ISBN 0-201-08319-1
An older version of the book is available for download here in PDF format.
CLOS, MOP and PCL
  • Gregor Kiczales, Jim des Rivieres and Daniel G. Bobrow: The Art of the Metaobject Protocol - 1991 - MIT Press - ISBN 026261074
  • Sonya E. Keene: Object-Oriented Programming in Common Lisp: A Programmer's Guide to CLOS" - 1989 - Addison-Wesley - ISBN 0-201-17589-4
  • Jo A. Lawless and Molly M. Miller: Understanding CLOS: the Common Lisp Object System - 1991 - Digital Press - ISBN 013717232X
  • Robert R. Kessler and Amy R. Petajan: LISP, Objects, and Symbolic Programming - 1988 - Scott, Foresman and Company - ISBN 0673397734
  • Andreas Paepcke: Object-Oriented Programming: the CLOS Perspective - 1993 - MIT Press - ISBN 0-262-16136-2

German

  • Ernst D. Schmitter: Praktische Einführung in LISP. - 1987 - Hofacker - ISBN 3-88963-229-7
  • Peter P. Bothner und Wolf-Michael Kähler: Programmieren in LISP: Eine elementare und anwendungsorientierte Einführung - 1993 - Vieweg+Teubner Verlag - ISBN 3528053232

French

Articles and papers

CLOS, MOP and PCL
Introductory articles and mini-tutorials

Links

Tutorials

Standards

Standard Lisp
  • Jed Marti, A. C. Hearn, M. L. Griss and C. Griss: The Standard Lisp Report - ACM SIGPLAN Notices 14, No 10 (1979), pages 48~68. - This is what became Portable (Utah) Standard Lisp.
Common Lisp
  • Guy L. Steele Jr. et al.: Common Lisp the Language - 1984 - Digital Press - ISBN 093237641X
This is a publication of the Common Lisp Reference Manual written for the DoD with some additional text and clarifications, a newer version is avaiable for download here and due to the number of errors in the original publication the Kyoto report below is considered the de facto standard.
Since the original Common Lisp proposal by the Department of Defence had a large number of errors in it, this document is commonly used as a definition of the original Common Lisp since it clears up most of the errors.
  • ANSI Common Lisp - ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (X3.226-1994)
Scheme
The only formal standard for Scheme, largely ignored.
Note, this standard is quite incompatible with Revised(5) in places and therefore not widely used.
Retrieved from "https://www.edm2.com/index.php?title=LISP&oldid=25969"