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==History==
==History==
It was first described in 1959 with working implementations arriving in the 1960s. Popular in early AI research but is also used as a scripting language in packages such as [[Emacs]], later variants have gained functional programming features and most modern variants have also gotten some object-oriented features, but referring to any LISP variant as an object-oriented or a functional programming language is taking religious fervour a step too far.
It was first described in 1959 with working implementations arriving in the 1960s. Popular in early AI research but is also used as a scripting language in packages such as [[Emacs]], later variants have gained functional programming features and most modern variants have also got some object-oriented features, but referring to any LISP variant as an object-oriented or a functional programming language is taking religious fervour a step too far.


The main problem LISP originally had in gaining any mainstream acceptance as a programming language was simply performance related, while LISP was perfectly acceptable for writing small programs in, large programs could only be done cost effectively after the advent of virtual memory, but that only happened in the late 60s on mainframes, in the 80s for minicomputers and workstations and in the 90s for microcomputers and by that time the LISP world had become so fragmented that it had difficulty maintaining any traction. This also lead a number of companies to release computer systems in the 1970s and 80s that were specifically designed to run LISP.
The main problem LISP originally had in gaining any mainstream acceptance as a programming language was simply performance related, while LISP was perfectly acceptable for writing small programs in, large programs could only be done cost effectively after the advent of virtual memory, but that only happened in the late 60s on mainframes, in the 80s for minicomputers and workstations and in the 90s for microcomputers and by that time the LISP world had become so fragmented that it had difficulty maintaining any traction. This also lead a number of companies to release computer systems in the 1970s and 80s that were specifically designed to run LISP.
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;Parallel processing
;Parallel processing
* Pascal Costanza: ''[http://medias.ircam.fr/xe5f73b Parallel Programming with Lisp for Performance]'' - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France - presentation ([http://www.european-lisp-symposium.org/editions/2014/costanza.pdf PDF])
* Pascal Costanza: ''[http://medias.ircam.fr/xe5f73b Parallel Programming with Lisp for Performance]'' - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France - presentation ([http://www.european-lisp-symposium.org/editions/2014/costanza.pdf PDF])
* Ron Goldman and Richard P. Gabriel: ''[https://www.dreamsongs.com/Files/hicss.pdf Qlisp: Parallel Processing in Lisp]'' - Originally published in IEEE Software, Volume:6 , Issue: 4, Page 51 ~ 59. ISSN 0740-7459
* Ron Goldman and Richard P. Gabriel: ''[https://www.dreamsongs.com/Files/hicss.pdf Qlisp: Parallel Processing in Lisp]'' - Originally published in IEEE Software, Volume:6, Issue: 4, Page 51 ~ 59. ISSN 0740-7459
* Kinson Ho: ''[http://nma.berkeley.edu/ark:/28722/bk0005n4s2k High-Level Abstractions for Symbolic Parallel Programming (Parallel Lisp Hacking Made Easy)]'' - Originally published in June 1994 as Report No. UCB//CSD-94-816 by the Computer Science Division (EECS) of the University of California.
* Kinson Ho: ''[http://nma.berkeley.edu/ark:/28722/bk0005n4s2k High-Level Abstractions for Symbolic Parallel Programming (Parallel Lisp Hacking Made Easy)]'' - Originally published in June 1994 as Report No. UCB//CSD-94-816 by the Computer Science Division (EECS) of the University of California.
* Joseph Simon Weening: ''[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a219623.pdf Parallel Execution of Lisp Programs]'' - Thesis originally published in June 1989 by the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University, California.
* Joseph Simon Weening: ''[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a219623.pdf Parallel Execution of Lisp Programs]'' - Thesis originally published in June 1989 by the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University, California.
* James C. Brodman, Basilio B. Fraguela, María J. Garzarán and David Padua: ''[http://polaris.cs.uiuc.edu/~garzaran/doc/hotpar09.pdf New Abstractions for Data Parallel Programming]'' - Originally published in Proceedings of the First Usenix Workshop on Hot Topics in Parallelism, Usenix Association, 2009
* James C. Brodman, Basilio B. Fraguela, María J. Garzarán and David Padua: ''[http://polaris.cs.uiuc.edu/~garzaran/doc/hotpar09.pdf New Abstractions for Data Parallel Programming]'' - Originally published in Proceedings of the First Usenix Workshop on Hot Topics in Parallelism, Usenix Association, 2009
* Tasuku Hiraishi, Masaru Ueno, Tatsuya Abe, Motoharu Hibino, Takeshi Iwashita and Hiroshi Nakashima: ''[http://super.para.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~tasuku/pdfs/ilc2012.pdf Xcrypt on Lisp: A Scripting System for Job Level Parallel Programming in Lisp]'' - 2012
* Tasuku Hiraishi, Masaru Ueno, Tatsuya Abe, Motoharu Hibino, Takeshi Iwashita and Hiroshi Nakashima: ''[http://super.para.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~tasuku/pdfs/ilc2012.pdf Xcrypt on Lisp: A Scripting System for Job Level Parallel Programming in Lisp]'' - 2012
* M. D. Feng, W. F. Wong and C. K. Juen: ''[http://www.masters.dgtu.donetsk.ua/2007/fvti/savkov/library/banda.pdf Compiling Parallel LISP for a shared memory multiprocessor]'' - 2007 masters thesis
* M. D. Feng, W. F. Wong and C. K. Juen: ''Compiling Parallel LISP for a shared memory multiprocessor'' - 2007 masters thesis
* Pascal Costanza, Charlotte Herzeel and Theo D’Hondt: ''[http://www.p-cos.net/documents/cstm.pdf Context-oriented Software Transactional Memory in Common Lisp]'' - Originally published in the Proceedings of the Dynamic Languages Symposium 2009, co-located with OOPSLA 2009, Orlando, Florida, USA, October 26, 2009, ACM Digital Library.
* Pascal Costanza, Charlotte Herzeel and Theo D’Hondt: ''[http://www.p-cos.net/documents/cstm.pdf Context-oriented Software Transactional Memory in Common Lisp]'' - Originally published in the Proceedings of the Dynamic Languages Symposium 2009, co-located with OOPSLA 2009, Orlando, Florida, USA, October 26, 2009, ACM Digital Library.
;Introductory articles and mini-tutorials
* John R. Anderson & Brian J. Reiser: [http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/com/c8clat/resources/TheLISPTutor.pdf The LISP Tutor] - 1985
* Heinrich Taube: [http://people.ace.ed.ac.uk/staff/medward2/class/moz/cm/doc/contrib/lispstyle.html Lisp Style Tips for the Beginner]


==Links==
==Links==

Latest revision as of 09:34, 29 May 2025

LISP (LISt Processor) is a list processing language, one of the earliest programming language to feature a garbage collector.

History

It was first described in 1959 with working implementations arriving in the 1960s. Popular in early AI research but is also used as a scripting language in packages such as Emacs, later variants have gained functional programming features and most modern variants have also got some object-oriented features, but referring to any LISP variant as an object-oriented or a functional programming language is taking religious fervour a step too far.

The main problem LISP originally had in gaining any mainstream acceptance as a programming language was simply performance related, while LISP was perfectly acceptable for writing small programs in, large programs could only be done cost effectively after the advent of virtual memory, but that only happened in the late 60s on mainframes, in the 80s for minicomputers and workstations and in the 90s for microcomputers and by that time the LISP world had become so fragmented that it had difficulty maintaining any traction. This also lead a number of companies to release computer systems in the 1970s and 80s that were specifically designed to run LISP.

See also: Standard LISP

OS/2 Implementations

Open Source

Libraries

Open Source

Programmer's utilities

Source code snippets, archives and collections

Small programs or routines that you can integrate into your own programs or study to learn from, but are not delivered in library form.

DOS Implementations

Commercial:

Open Source:

Libraries

Commercial:

  • Dblisp - dBase II/II database access for GCL

Open source:

Closely related languages

  • Fjölnir - Open source
Editor support
  • Boxer - LISP syntax highlighting support built in

Win-OS/2 implementations

  • Apteryx Lisp 1.04 - shareware
  • Goldworks - Commercial
  • Le-Lisp (ILOG)
  • RefLisp - Open source
  • SCM - Open source

Libraries

Java Implementations

Related languages
  • Clojure - Functional language that uses LISP syntax.

JavaScript Implementations

Related languages

Publications

Books

  • John R. Anderson; Albert Corbett; Brian J. Reiser: Essential Lisp - Addison-Wesley 1986, ISBN 0-201-11148-9
  • Patrick Henry Winston; Berthold K.P. Horn: Lisp (Third edition) - Addison-Wesley 1989, ISBN 0-201-08319-1
An older edition of the book is available: PDF
  • Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman and Julie Sussman: Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs; Second edition - MIT Press 1996 - PDF

Articles, talks, presentations and papers

Slightly misleading title, the talk is more about the package manager ASDF than scripting per se.
  • Pascal Costanza: How to Make Lisp More Special - Originally published in the Proceedings of the International Lisp Conference 2005, Stanford, California, USA, June 19-22, 2005.
  • Richard Barber & George Imlah: Delivering the Goods with Lisp. Communications of the ACM 34(9); pages 61-63 - 1991
CLOS, MOP and PCL
  • BYTE Magazine August 1979 - The LISP issue - Totally outdated by now, but a very interesting read, note that the DJVU version is only 1/20th the size of the PDF version before you download.
Meta-objects
Parallel processing

Links

Tutorials
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