LISP: Difference between revisions
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'''LISP''' (''LISt Processor'') is a list processing language, one of the earliest programming language to feature a garbage collector. | '''LISP''' (''LISt Processor'') is a list processing language, one of the earliest programming language to feature a garbage collector. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
It was first described in 1959 with working implementations arriving in the 1960s. Popular in early AI research but is also used as a scripting language in packages such as [[Emacs]], later variants have gained functional programming features and most modern variants have also | It was first described in 1959 with working implementations arriving in the 1960s. Popular in early AI research but is also used as a scripting language in packages such as [[Emacs]], later variants have gained functional programming features and most modern variants have also got some object-oriented features, but referring to any LISP variant as an object-oriented or a functional programming language is taking religious fervour a step too far. | ||
The main problem LISP originally had in gaining any mainstream acceptance as a programming language was simply performance related, while LISP was perfectly acceptable for writing small programs in, large programs could only be done cost effectively after the advent of virtual memory, but that only happened in the late 60s on mainframes, in the 80s for minicomputers and workstations and in the 90s for microcomputers and by that time the LISP world had become so fragmented that it had difficulty maintaining any traction. This also lead a number of companies to release computer systems in the 1970s and 80s that were specifically designed to run LISP. | The main problem LISP originally had in gaining any mainstream acceptance as a programming language was simply performance related, while LISP was perfectly acceptable for writing small programs in, large programs could only be done cost effectively after the advent of virtual memory, but that only happened in the late 60s on mainframes, in the 80s for minicomputers and workstations and in the 90s for microcomputers and by that time the LISP world had become so fragmented that it had difficulty maintaining any traction. This also lead a number of companies to release computer systems in the 1970s and 80s that were specifically designed to run LISP. | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
==OS/2 Implementations== | ==OS/2 Implementations== | ||
* [[CLISP]] | ''Open Source'' | ||
* [[Lily]] - Embeddable LISP | * [[CLISP]] | ||
* [[newLISP]] | * [[Lily]] - Embeddable LISP | ||
* [[RefLisp]] | * [[newLISP]] | ||
* [[SCM]] | * [[RefLisp]] | ||
* [[Valutron]] | * [[SCM]] | ||
* [[xLISP]] | * [[Valutron]] | ||
* [[xLISP]] | |||
===Libraries=== | ===Libraries=== | ||
* [[Closer to MOP]] - CLOS/MOP compatibility layer | ''Open Source'' | ||
* [[Closette]] - Meta-object protocol | * [[Closer to MOP]] - CLOS/MOP compatibility layer | ||
* [[CL-XML]] - [[XML]] parser | * [[Closette]] - Meta-object protocol | ||
* [[ContextL]] - Context programming extensions for [[CLOS]] | * [[CL-XML]] - [[XML]] parser | ||
* [[Portable Common Loops]] - Object oriented abstractions | * [[ContextL]] - Context programming extensions for [[CLOS]] | ||
* [[Screamer]] - Nondeterministic programming | * [[Portable Common Loops]] - Object oriented abstractions | ||
* [[Snappy]] - Compression library | * [[Screamer]] - Nondeterministic programming | ||
* [[Snappy]] - Compression library | |||
== | ==Programmer's utilities== | ||
* [[DTRACE]] - Debug tool | |||
* [[Exuberant ctags]] - Creates index files out of Scheme and LISP source files | |||
* [[DTRACE]] - Debug tool | |||
* [[Exuberant ctags]] - Creates index files out of Scheme and LISP source files | |||
;Source code snippets, archives and collections | ;Source code snippets, archives and collections | ||
Small programs or routines that you can integrate into your own programs or study to learn from, but are not delivered in library form. | Small programs or routines that you can integrate into your own programs or study to learn from, but are not delivered in library form. | ||
* [[Artificial flavors]] | * [[Artificial flavors]] | ||
* [[SDRAW]] - A utility that draws ConsCell structures | * [[SDRAW]] - A utility that draws ConsCell structures | ||
* [https://github.com/lispgames/lispgames.github.io/wiki LISP games Wiki] - Collection of mainly small LISP games | * [https://github.com/lispgames/lispgames.github.io/wiki LISP games Wiki] - Collection of mainly small LISP games | ||
==DOS Implementations== | ==DOS Implementations== | ||
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2"> | <div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2"> | ||
*BYSO LISP | Commercial: | ||
*BYSO LISP | |||
*Expert LISP | *Expert LISP | ||
*Intellect-UL LISP | *Intellect-UL LISP | ||
*[[IQLISP]] | *[[IQLISP]] | ||
*Le-Lisp | *Le-Lisp | ||
*[[Microsoft LISP]] | *[[Microsoft LISP]] | ||
*[[muLISP]] | *[[muLISP]] | ||
*[[Norell LISP/88]] | *[[Norell LISP/88]] | ||
*[https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/others/franzlsp/pclisp/pclisp30.zip PC-LISP 3.0] | *[https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/others/franzlsp/pclisp/pclisp30.zip PC-LISP 3.0] | ||
*[[ | *TLC LISP | ||
*[[ | *Waltz LISP | ||
* | *[[UO-LISP]] | ||
Open Source: | |||
*[[ | *[[ECoLisp]] | ||
*[[XLISP]] | *[[RefLisp]] | ||
*[[SCM]] | |||
*[[XLISP]] | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
====Libraries==== | ====Libraries==== | ||
Commercial: | |||
*Dblisp - dBase II/II database access for GCL - | *Dblisp - dBase II/II database access for GCL | ||
*[[Portable Common Loops]] - Object oriented abstractions | Open source: | ||
*[[Screamer]] - Nondeterministic programming | *[[Closette]] - Meta-object protocol | ||
*[[SLIB Portable Scheme Library]] - Portable version of Scheme in a library form | *[[Portable Common Loops]] - Object oriented abstractions | ||
*[[Screamer]] - Nondeterministic programming | |||
*[[SLIB Portable Scheme Library]] - Portable version of Scheme in a library form | |||
====Closely related languages==== | ====Closely related languages==== | ||
| Line 78: | Line 73: | ||
;Editor support | ;Editor support | ||
* [[Boxer]] - LISP syntax highlighting support built in | * [[Boxer]] - LISP syntax highlighting support built in | ||
==Win-OS/2 implementations== | ==Win-OS/2 implementations== | ||
*Apteryx Lisp 1.04 - shareware | *Apteryx Lisp 1.04 - shareware | ||
*Goldworks - Commercial | *Goldworks - Commercial | ||
*Le-Lisp (ILOG) | *Le-Lisp (ILOG) | ||
*[[RefLisp]] - Open source | *[[RefLisp]] - Open source | ||
| Line 93: | Line 86: | ||
==Java Implementations== | ==Java Implementations== | ||
* GNU [http://www.gnu.org/software/kawa/ Kawa Scheme] | * GNU [http://www.gnu.org/software/kawa/ Kawa Scheme] | ||
;Related languages | ;Related languages | ||
* [[Clojure]] - Functional language that uses LISP syntax. | * [[Clojure]] - Functional language that uses LISP syntax. | ||
==JavaScript Implementations== | ==JavaScript Implementations== | ||
| Line 113: | Line 101: | ||
* John R. Anderson; Albert Corbett; Brian J. Reiser: ''Essential Lisp'' - Addison-Wesley 1986, ISBN 0-201-11148-9 | * John R. Anderson; Albert Corbett; Brian J. Reiser: ''Essential Lisp'' - Addison-Wesley 1986, ISBN 0-201-11148-9 | ||
* Patrick Henry Winston; Berthold K.P. Horn: ''Lisp'' (Third edition) - Addison-Wesley 1989, ISBN 0-201-08319-1 | * Patrick Henry Winston; Berthold K.P. Horn: ''Lisp'' (Third edition) - Addison-Wesley 1989, ISBN 0-201-08319-1 | ||
: An older edition of the book is available: [ | : An older edition of the book is available: [//www.atarimania.com/documents/LISP.pdf PDF] | ||
* Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman and Julie Sussman: | * Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman and Julie Sussman: ''Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs''; Second edition - MIT Press 1996 - [//web.mit.edu/alexmv/6.037/sicp.pdf PDF] | ||
* Richard P. Gabriel: ''[https://archive.org/details/PerformanceAndEvaluationOfLispSystems Performance And Evaluation Of Lisp Systems]'' - 1985 | * Richard P. Gabriel: ''[https://archive.org/details/PerformanceAndEvaluationOfLispSystems Performance And Evaluation Of Lisp Systems]'' - 1985 | ||
===Articles, talks, presentations and papers=== | ===Articles, talks, presentations and papers=== | ||
| Line 137: | Line 120: | ||
;Parallel processing | ;Parallel processing | ||
* Pascal Costanza: ''[http://medias.ircam.fr/xe5f73b Parallel Programming with Lisp for Performance]'' - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France - presentation ([http://www.european-lisp-symposium.org/editions/2014/costanza.pdf PDF]) | * Pascal Costanza: ''[http://medias.ircam.fr/xe5f73b Parallel Programming with Lisp for Performance]'' - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France - presentation ([http://www.european-lisp-symposium.org/editions/2014/costanza.pdf PDF]) | ||
* Ron Goldman and Richard P. Gabriel: ''[https://www.dreamsongs.com/Files/hicss.pdf Qlisp: Parallel Processing in Lisp]'' - Originally published in IEEE Software, Volume:6 , Issue: 4, Page 51 ~ 59. ISSN 0740-7459 | * Ron Goldman and Richard P. Gabriel: ''[https://www.dreamsongs.com/Files/hicss.pdf Qlisp: Parallel Processing in Lisp]'' - Originally published in IEEE Software, Volume:6, Issue: 4, Page 51 ~ 59. ISSN 0740-7459 | ||
* Kinson Ho: ''[http://nma.berkeley.edu/ark:/28722/bk0005n4s2k High-Level Abstractions for Symbolic Parallel Programming (Parallel Lisp Hacking Made Easy)]'' - Originally published in June 1994 as Report No. UCB//CSD-94-816 by the Computer Science Division (EECS) of the University of California. | * Kinson Ho: ''[http://nma.berkeley.edu/ark:/28722/bk0005n4s2k High-Level Abstractions for Symbolic Parallel Programming (Parallel Lisp Hacking Made Easy)]'' - Originally published in June 1994 as Report No. UCB//CSD-94-816 by the Computer Science Division (EECS) of the University of California. | ||
* Joseph Simon Weening: ''[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a219623.pdf Parallel Execution of Lisp Programs]'' - Thesis originally published in June 1989 by the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University, California. | * Joseph Simon Weening: ''[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a219623.pdf Parallel Execution of Lisp Programs]'' - Thesis originally published in June 1989 by the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University, California. | ||
* James C. Brodman, Basilio B. Fraguela, María J. Garzarán and David Padua: ''[http://polaris.cs.uiuc.edu/~garzaran/doc/hotpar09.pdf New Abstractions for Data Parallel Programming]'' - Originally published in | * James C. Brodman, Basilio B. Fraguela, María J. Garzarán and David Padua: ''[http://polaris.cs.uiuc.edu/~garzaran/doc/hotpar09.pdf New Abstractions for Data Parallel Programming]'' - Originally published in Proceedings of the First Usenix Workshop on Hot Topics in Parallelism, Usenix Association, 2009 | ||
* Tasuku Hiraishi, Masaru Ueno, Tatsuya Abe, Motoharu Hibino, Takeshi Iwashita and Hiroshi Nakashima: ''[http://super.para.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~tasuku/pdfs/ilc2012.pdf Xcrypt on Lisp: A Scripting System for Job Level Parallel Programming in Lisp]'' - 2012 | * Tasuku Hiraishi, Masaru Ueno, Tatsuya Abe, Motoharu Hibino, Takeshi Iwashita and Hiroshi Nakashima: ''[http://super.para.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~tasuku/pdfs/ilc2012.pdf Xcrypt on Lisp: A Scripting System for Job Level Parallel Programming in Lisp]'' - 2012 | ||
* M. D. Feng, W. F. Wong and C. K. Juen: '' | * M. D. Feng, W. F. Wong and C. K. Juen: ''Compiling Parallel LISP for a shared memory multiprocessor'' - 2007 masters thesis | ||
* Pascal Costanza, Charlotte Herzeel and Theo D’Hondt: ''[http://www.p-cos.net/documents/cstm.pdf Context-oriented Software Transactional Memory in Common Lisp]'' - Originally published in the Proceedings of the Dynamic Languages Symposium 2009, co-located with OOPSLA 2009, Orlando, Florida, USA, October 26, 2009, ACM Digital Library. | * Pascal Costanza, Charlotte Herzeel and Theo D’Hondt: ''[http://www.p-cos.net/documents/cstm.pdf Context-oriented Software Transactional Memory in Common Lisp]'' - Originally published in the Proceedings of the Dynamic Languages Symposium 2009, co-located with OOPSLA 2009, Orlando, Florida, USA, October 26, 2009, ACM Digital Library. | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
;Tutorials | ;Tutorials | ||
* [ | * [https://alarm.cdm.depaul.edu/lisptutor/ LispTutor Jr.] | ||
* [//www.p-cos.net/lisp/guide.html Pascal Costanza's Highly Opinionated Guide to Lisp] | |||
* [ | * [https://ccrma.stanford.edu/CCRMA/Courses/AlgoComp/cm/doc/contrib/lispstyle.html Lisp Style Tips for the Beginner] | ||
[[Category:Programming Languages]][[Category:LISP]] | [[Category:Programming Languages]][[Category:LISP]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:34, 29 May 2025
LISP (LISt Processor) is a list processing language, one of the earliest programming language to feature a garbage collector.
History
It was first described in 1959 with working implementations arriving in the 1960s. Popular in early AI research but is also used as a scripting language in packages such as Emacs, later variants have gained functional programming features and most modern variants have also got some object-oriented features, but referring to any LISP variant as an object-oriented or a functional programming language is taking religious fervour a step too far.
The main problem LISP originally had in gaining any mainstream acceptance as a programming language was simply performance related, while LISP was perfectly acceptable for writing small programs in, large programs could only be done cost effectively after the advent of virtual memory, but that only happened in the late 60s on mainframes, in the 80s for minicomputers and workstations and in the 90s for microcomputers and by that time the LISP world had become so fragmented that it had difficulty maintaining any traction. This also lead a number of companies to release computer systems in the 1970s and 80s that were specifically designed to run LISP.
See also: Standard LISP
OS/2 Implementations
Open Source
Libraries
Open Source
- Closer to MOP - CLOS/MOP compatibility layer
- Closette - Meta-object protocol
- CL-XML - XML parser
- ContextL - Context programming extensions for CLOS
- Portable Common Loops - Object oriented abstractions
- Screamer - Nondeterministic programming
- Snappy - Compression library
Programmer's utilities
- DTRACE - Debug tool
- Exuberant ctags - Creates index files out of Scheme and LISP source files
- Source code snippets, archives and collections
Small programs or routines that you can integrate into your own programs or study to learn from, but are not delivered in library form.
- Artificial flavors
- SDRAW - A utility that draws ConsCell structures
- LISP games Wiki - Collection of mainly small LISP games
DOS Implementations
Commercial:
- BYSO LISP
- Expert LISP
- Intellect-UL LISP
- IQLISP
- Le-Lisp
- Microsoft LISP
- muLISP
- Norell LISP/88
- PC-LISP 3.0
- TLC LISP
- Waltz LISP
- UO-LISP
Open Source:
Libraries
Commercial:
- Dblisp - dBase II/II database access for GCL
Open source:
- Closette - Meta-object protocol
- Portable Common Loops - Object oriented abstractions
- Screamer - Nondeterministic programming
- SLIB Portable Scheme Library - Portable version of Scheme in a library form
- Fjölnir - Open source
- Editor support
- Boxer - LISP syntax highlighting support built in
Win-OS/2 implementations
- Apteryx Lisp 1.04 - shareware
- Goldworks - Commercial
- Le-Lisp (ILOG)
- RefLisp - Open source
- SCM - Open source
Libraries
- Portable Common Loops - Object oriented abstractions - Open source
Java Implementations
- GNU Kawa Scheme
- Related languages
- Clojure - Functional language that uses LISP syntax.
JavaScript Implementations
- Biwa Scheme - Conforms to Revised(6) - Open source
- Related languages
- ClojureScript - Functional language that uses LISP syntax.
Publications
Books
- John R. Anderson; Albert Corbett; Brian J. Reiser: Essential Lisp - Addison-Wesley 1986, ISBN 0-201-11148-9
- Patrick Henry Winston; Berthold K.P. Horn: Lisp (Third edition) - Addison-Wesley 1989, ISBN 0-201-08319-1
- An older edition of the book is available: PDF
- Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman and Julie Sussman: Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs; Second edition - MIT Press 1996 - PDF
- Richard P. Gabriel: Performance And Evaluation Of Lisp Systems - 1985
Articles, talks, presentations and papers
- Henry Baker's Archive of Research Papers - Primarily Lisp related but a few unrelated papers in-between.
- Simon White: What is good about Lisp? - 2005
- Nick Levine: CLAUDE - The Common Lisp Library Audience Expansion Toolkit - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France.
- François-René Rideau: ASDF3, or Why Lisp is Now an Acceptable Scripting Language - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France. - Also available as a PDF.
- Slightly misleading title, the talk is more about the package manager ASDF than scripting per se.
- Pascal Costanza: How to Make Lisp More Special - Originally published in the Proceedings of the International Lisp Conference 2005, Stanford, California, USA, June 19-22, 2005.
- Richard Barber & George Imlah: Delivering the Goods with Lisp. Communications of the ACM 34(9); pages 61-63 - 1991
- CLOS, MOP and PCL
- BYTE Magazine August 1979 - The LISP issue - Totally outdated by now, but a very interesting read, note that the DJVU version is only 1/20th the size of the PDF version before you download.
- Meta-objects
- Chrsitophe Rhodes: Generalizers: New Metaobjects for Generalized Dispatch - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France. - Also available as a PDF
- Parallel processing
- Pascal Costanza: Parallel Programming with Lisp for Performance - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France - presentation (PDF)
- Ron Goldman and Richard P. Gabriel: Qlisp: Parallel Processing in Lisp - Originally published in IEEE Software, Volume:6, Issue: 4, Page 51 ~ 59. ISSN 0740-7459
- Kinson Ho: High-Level Abstractions for Symbolic Parallel Programming (Parallel Lisp Hacking Made Easy) - Originally published in June 1994 as Report No. UCB//CSD-94-816 by the Computer Science Division (EECS) of the University of California.
- Joseph Simon Weening: Parallel Execution of Lisp Programs - Thesis originally published in June 1989 by the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University, California.
- James C. Brodman, Basilio B. Fraguela, María J. Garzarán and David Padua: New Abstractions for Data Parallel Programming - Originally published in Proceedings of the First Usenix Workshop on Hot Topics in Parallelism, Usenix Association, 2009
- Tasuku Hiraishi, Masaru Ueno, Tatsuya Abe, Motoharu Hibino, Takeshi Iwashita and Hiroshi Nakashima: Xcrypt on Lisp: A Scripting System for Job Level Parallel Programming in Lisp - 2012
- M. D. Feng, W. F. Wong and C. K. Juen: Compiling Parallel LISP for a shared memory multiprocessor - 2007 masters thesis
- Pascal Costanza, Charlotte Herzeel and Theo D’Hondt: Context-oriented Software Transactional Memory in Common Lisp - Originally published in the Proceedings of the Dynamic Languages Symposium 2009, co-located with OOPSLA 2009, Orlando, Florida, USA, October 26, 2009, ACM Digital Library.
Links
- Tutorials