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Declarative logic programming language developed in France in the latter half of the 1960's and early 70, name is a shortening of "PROgrammation en
[[Image:GottlobFrege.jpg|[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege/ Gottlob Frege] (1848 ~ 1925)<br>Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege invented predicate logic on which Prolog is based|thumb|right]]
LOGique" or "Programming in Logic". Unique syntax, derivatives include primarily constraint logic programming languages such as Prolog IV and ECLiPSE but also hybrids such as the strongly typed Mercury and [[Visual Prolog]] and even more alien systems such as Erlang.
Declarative logic programming language developed in France in the latter half of the 1960s and early 1970s, name is a shortening of "PROgrammation en
LOGique" or "Programming in Logic". Unique syntax gives the impression that it is difficult to learn but in actuality it is not more of an effort to learn it any of the classic languages, but programmers used to procedural languages sometimes difficulty getting their heads around the different programming paradigms Prolog has to offer than rank beginner do.


==A list of OS/2 implementations of Prolog==
Derivatives of Prolog include primarily constraint logic programming languages such as Prolog IV and ECLiPSE but also hybrids such as the strongly typed Mercury and [[Visual Prolog]] and even more alien systems such as Erlang.
*[[Arity Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[IBM PROLOG for OS/2]] - 16 bit only - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[IBM SAA AD/Cycle Prolog/2]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[PDC Prolog]]- Commercial - Discontinued
*[[PMPro Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[Prolog II+]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[Quintus Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[SICStus Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[SWI-Prolog]] - Open Source - Discontinued
*VMV Prolog (Automata Design Associates) - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[Visual Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued


====Foreign libraries with Prolog bindings====
==History==
* [[Cairo]] - 2D graphics library - Open source - Current
[[Image:AlainColmerauer.jpg|right|thumb|[http://alain.colmerauer.free.fr/ Alain Colmerauer] is the co-inventor of Prolog and the man behind the development of Prolog II, II+, III & IV]]
Invented in Marseilles, France in 1972 by Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Rousse, the system is a descendant of a natural language machine translation system called '''Q-systems''' that Colmerauer started developing in 1968, but prior and parallel to that he alongside Rousse and others connected to the birth of Prolog such as Jean Trudel and Robert Pasero had participated in the "Traduction Automatique de l’Université de Montréal" project in Canada. Initially implemented on an [[IBM]] System/360 using Wirth's [[ALGOL W]] and PL/360.


====OS/2 text & programmers editors with Prolog support====
==Implementations==
* [[jEdit]] - Java based editor - Prolog syntax highlighting built in - Current.
===OS/2===
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
Commercial:
*[[Arity Prolog]]
*[[Az-Prolog]]
*[[IBM PROLOG for OS/2]] - 16-bit only
*[[IBM SAA AD/Cycle Prolog/2]]
*ORISAbase, ORISAentry, ORISApro (ORISA Software GmbH)
*[[PDC Prolog]]
*[[PMPro Prolog]]
*[[Prolog II+]]
*[[Quintus Prolog]]
*[[SICStus Prolog]]
*VMV Prolog (Automata Design Associates)
*[[Visual Prolog]]
*XPRO (Rational Vision)
Open Source:
*[[SWI-Prolog]]
</div>
 
;Prolog libraries
* [http://prolog-commons.org/PrologCommons.html/PrologCommons.html The Prolog Commons] - Not all library functions are germane to OS/2 - Open source


==A list of DOS implementations of Prolog==
===DOS===
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
* [[ALS Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
''Open Source''
* [[Amzi! Prolog+Logic Server]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[ALS Prolog]]
* [[Aquarius Prolog]] - Open/Closed source - Discontinued
*[[Aquarius Prolog]]
* [[Arity Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*Beta-Prolog
* [[Beta-Prolog]] - Open Source - Discontinued
*BinProlog
* [[BinProlog]] - Open source commercial software - Discontinued
*[https://github.com/Johnicholas/Hello-Github/tree/master/prolog-in-hundreds-of-loc/Boizumault Boizumault Prolog]
* [https://github.com/Johnicholas/Hello-Github/tree/master/prolog-in-hundreds-of-loc/Boizumault Boizumault Prolog] - Open Source - Discontinued
*[[cu-Prolog]]
* [[ESL Prolog-2]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*Stony Brook Prolog - Aka SB-Prolog
* Cogent Prolog Compiler - Commercial
''Commercial''
* [[cu-Prolog]] - Open Source - Discontinued
*Amzi! Prolog+Logic Server
* [[LPA Prolog]] - Commercial - Current
*[[Arity Prolog]]
* LPA [[micro-PROLOG]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[Az-Prolog]]
* Logicware [[MPROLOG]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*ESL Prolog-2
* [[MR Prolog]]- Commercial - Discontinued
*Cogent Prolog Compiler
* [[PDC Prolog]]- Commercial - Discontinued
*IF/Prolog
* [[Prolog II]]- Commercial - Discontinued
*LPA Prolog
* [[Prolog III]]- Commercial - Discontinued
*LPA [[micro-PROLOG]]
* Chalcedony [[Prolog V]]/Prolog V-Plus - Commercial - Discontinued
*Logicware MPROLOG
* [[Prolog-86+]]- Commercial - Discontinued
*MR Prolog
* [[PD Prolog]] (A.D.A. PD Prolog) - Freeware - Discontinued
*[[PDC Prolog]]
* [[Quintus Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*Prolog II
* [[SICStus Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*Prolog III
* [[Stony Brook Prolog]] - Aka SB-Prolog - Open source - Discontinued
*Chalcedony Prolog V/Prolog V-Plus
* [[Visual Prolog|Turbo Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*Prolog-86+
* [[VML Prolog]]- Commercial - Discontinued
*[[Quintus Prolog]]
*[[SICStus Prolog]]
*SNI Prolog
*[[Visual Prolog|Turbo Prolog]]
*VML Prolog
''Freeware''
*PD Prolog (A.D.A. PD Prolog)
</div>
</div>


==A list of Prolog implementations that run under WinOS/2==
===Win-OS/2===
* [[ALS Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[ALS Prolog]] - former commercial/now open source
* [[Amzi! Logic Explorer]] - Freeware - Discontinued.
*Amzi! Logic Explorer - Freeware
* [[Amzi! Prolog+Logic Server]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*Amzi! Prolog+Logic Server - Commercial
* [[Arity Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[Arity Prolog]] - Commercial
* [[IF/Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued - Contraint ver.
*IF/Prolog - Commercial - Discontinued - Contraint ver.
* [[LPA Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued - Versions up to 4.1 run with [[Win32s]]
*LPA Prolog - Commercial - Versions up to 4.1 run with [[Win32s]]
* [[Prolog IV]]- Commercial - Discontinued
*Prolog IV - Commercial
* [[Visual Prolog]] - Commercial - Discontinued
*[[Visual Prolog]] - Commercial


==A list of Prolog implementations that run under Java==
===Java===
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
* [[CKI-Prolog]] - Open Source - Discontinued
Commercial:
* DGKS Prolog - Discontinued
* [http://www.jekejeke.ch Jekejeke Prolog]
* [https://www.gnu.org/software/gnuprologjava/ GNU Prolog for Java] - Open Source - Current
* [http://www.jiprolog.com/ JIProlog]
* [[JavaLog]] - Open Source - Discontinued
Open Source:
* [http://www.jekejeke.ch Jekejeke Prolog] - Commercial - Current.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20011006071211/http://www.students.cs.ruu.nl/people/smotterl/prolog/index.htm CKI-Prolog] - Old but works on Java 1.x on vintage hardware
* [https://code.google.com/p/jinniprolog/ Jinni Prolog] - Open Source - Discontinued
* DGKS Prolog
* [http://www.jiprolog.com/ JIProlog] - Commercial - Current.
* [https://www.gnu.org/software/gnuprologjava/ GNU Prolog for Java]
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/jlogic/ jLog] - Open Source - Current.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19990427194619/http://www.bird-land.com/java/prolog/index.html JavaLog] - Old but works on Java 1.x on vintage hardware
* [https://java.net/projects/jTrolog jTrolog] - Open Source - Current.
* [https://code.google.com/p/jinniprolog/ Jinni Prolog]
* [https://code.google.com/p/kernel-prolog/ Kernel Prolog] - Subset - Open Source - Discontinued
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/jlogic/ jLog]
* [https://code.google.com/p/mandarax/ Mandarax] - Prolog variant, not fully compatible - Open Source - Current
* [https://java.net/projects/jTrolog jTrolog]
* [http://kaminari.istc.kobe-u.ac.jp/PrologCafe/ Prolog Café] - Interpreter and translator - Open Source - Discontinued
* [https://code.google.com/p/kernel-prolog/ Kernel Prolog] - Subset
* [[Prolog4J]] - Open Source - Discontinued
* [https://code.google.com/p/mandarax/ Mandarax] - Prolog variant, not fully compatible
* [https://prova.ws/ Prova] - Prolog variant, not fully compatible - Open Source - Current
* Prolog Café - Interpreter and translator
* [https://code.google.com/p/styla/ Styla] - Requires [[Scala]] - Open Source - Current
* [https://prova.ws/ Prova] - Prolog variant, not fully compatible
* [http://alice.unibo.it/xwiki/bin/view/Tuprolog/ tuProlog] - Open Source - Current
* [https://code.google.com/p/styla/ Styla] - Requires [[Scala]]
* [[W-Prolog]] - Open Source - Discontinued
* [http://alice.unibo.it/xwiki/bin/view/Tuprolog/ tuProlog]
* [http://waitaki.otago.ac.nz/~michael/wp/ W-Prolog]
</div>
</div>


==A list of Prolog implementations in JavaScript==
;Utilities
* [http://ioctl.org/logic/prolog1 Prolog in JavaScript] - Note sub-set, split into a few pages - Open Source - Current.
* [https://github.com/espakm/prolog4j Prolog4J] - Allows Java programs to use native Prolog engines - Open Source
* [http://yieldprolog.sourceforge.net/ Yield Prolog] - Sub-set - Open Source - Discontinued.
 
===JavaScript===
* [http://ioctl.org/logic/prolog1 Prolog in JavaScript] - Note sub-set, split into a few pages - Open Source
* [http://yieldprolog.sourceforge.net/ Yield Prolog] - Sub-set - Open Source


==Publications==
==Publications==
* Patrice Boizumault: Prolog: l'implantation - 1988 - ISBN 2225814791 - Out of print.
*J.A. Campbell: ''Implementations of Prolog'' - Halsted Press 1984, ISBN 0-85312-675-5
*Patrice Boizumault: [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/5264.html The Implementation of Prolog]- Tranlated by Ara M. Djamboulian and Jamal Fattouh - 1993/2014 - ISBN 9780691609393 - In print.
*Feliks Kluźniak; Stanisław Szpakowicz: ''Prolog for Programmers'' - Academic Press 1987, ISBN 0-12-416521-4 [http://www.eecs.uottawa.ca/~szpak/pub/P4P/Prolog_for_Programmers_neat.pdf]
*Leon Sterling; Ehud Shapiro: ''The Art of Prolog'' - MIT Press 1994, ISBN 0-262-19338-8
*Michael Spivey: ''An Introduction to Logic Programming through Prolog'' - Prentice-Hall 1996, ISBN 0-13-536047-1
*Patrice Boizumault: [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/5264.html The Implementation of Prolog]- Translated by Ara M. Djamboulian and Jamal Fattouh - 1993/2014, ISBN 0-691-60939-X
* Fernando C. N. Pereira; Stuart M. Shieber: [http://www.mtome.com/Publications/PNLA/prolog-digital.pdf Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis]
*Michael A. Covington; Donald Nute; André Vellino: ''Prolog Programming in Depth'' (Second edition) - Prentice-Hall 1997, ISBN 0-13-138645-X


====Tutorials and other learning material====
;Papers
*
====Papers====
* Krzysztof R. Apt, Maurizio Gabbrielli and Dino Pedreschi [http://oai.cwi.nl/oai/asset/1397/1397A.pdf A closer look at declarative interpretations*]
* Krzysztof R. Apt, Maurizio Gabbrielli and Dino Pedreschi [http://oai.cwi.nl/oai/asset/1397/1397A.pdf A closer look at declarative interpretations*]
* [https://www.metalevel.at/tist/ Thinking in states] - Parsers & compilers
* David H. D. Warren: [https://www.sri.com/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/pdf/656.pdf Applied Logic - Its use and implementation as a programming tool]
==Links==
==Links==
* [http://alain.colmerauer.free.fr/ Alain Colmerauer's homepage] - Has a cache of historical papers related to Prolog
* [https://github.com/Johnicholas/Hello-Github/tree/master/prolog-in-hundreds-of-loc/Boizumault Boizumault Prolog Archive on Github] - Contains the example Prolog implementations from his book (above)
* [https://github.com/Johnicholas/Hello-Github/tree/master/prolog-in-hundreds-of-loc/Boizumault Boizumault Prolog Archive on Github] - Contains the example Prolog implementations from his book (above)
* [https://dtai.cs.kuleuven.be/ppcbook/ The first 10 Prolog Programming Contests]
* [https://dtai.cs.kuleuven.be/projects/ALP/newsletter/may05/nav/complang/nettalk.html Documenting large Prolog programs]


====USENET====
* ''Peter Skye'': [http://www.scoug.com/reports/ws98_bourassa.html Logic Programming In Native OS/2]
* [news:comp.lang.prolog comp.lang.prolog] - Go to the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/comp.lang.prolog Google groups version] if you are in any way newsgroup challenged.
* [http://www.learnprolognow.org/ Learn Prolog Now!] - Tutorial
 
* USENET: [news:comp.lang.prolog comp.lang.prolog]
==Standards==
* [http://fsl.cs.illinois.edu/images/9/9c/PrologStandard.pdf A summary of the 1993 ISO Prolog draft]
 
==Prolog history==
Invented in Marseilles, France in 1972 by Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Rousse, the system is a descendant of a natural language machine translation system called '''Q-systems''' that Colmerauer started developing in 1968, but prior and parallel to that he alongside Rousse and others connected to the birth of Prolog such as Jean Trudel and Robert Pasero had participated in the "Traduction Automatique de l’Université de Montréal" project in Canada. Initially implemented on an [[IBM]] [[System/360]] using Wirth's [[Algol-W]] and [[PL/360]].


[[Category:Programming Languages]] [[Category:Prolog]]
[[Category:Programming Languages]][[Category:Prolog]]

Latest revision as of 01:28, 9 August 2024

Gottlob Frege (1848 ~ 1925)
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege invented predicate logic on which Prolog is based

Declarative logic programming language developed in France in the latter half of the 1960s and early 1970s, name is a shortening of "PROgrammation en LOGique" or "Programming in Logic". Unique syntax gives the impression that it is difficult to learn but in actuality it is not more of an effort to learn it any of the classic languages, but programmers used to procedural languages sometimes difficulty getting their heads around the different programming paradigms Prolog has to offer than rank beginner do.

Derivatives of Prolog include primarily constraint logic programming languages such as Prolog IV and ECLiPSE but also hybrids such as the strongly typed Mercury and Visual Prolog and even more alien systems such as Erlang.

History

Alain Colmerauer is the co-inventor of Prolog and the man behind the development of Prolog II, II+, III & IV

Invented in Marseilles, France in 1972 by Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Rousse, the system is a descendant of a natural language machine translation system called Q-systems that Colmerauer started developing in 1968, but prior and parallel to that he alongside Rousse and others connected to the birth of Prolog such as Jean Trudel and Robert Pasero had participated in the "Traduction Automatique de l’Université de Montréal" project in Canada. Initially implemented on an IBM System/360 using Wirth's ALGOL W and PL/360.

Implementations

OS/2

Commercial:

Open Source:

Prolog libraries

DOS

Open Source

Commercial

Freeware

  • PD Prolog (A.D.A. PD Prolog)

Win-OS/2

  • ALS Prolog - former commercial/now open source
  • Amzi! Logic Explorer - Freeware
  • Amzi! Prolog+Logic Server - Commercial
  • Arity Prolog - Commercial
  • IF/Prolog - Commercial - Discontinued - Contraint ver.
  • LPA Prolog - Commercial - Versions up to 4.1 run with Win32s
  • Prolog IV - Commercial
  • Visual Prolog - Commercial

Java

Commercial:

Open Source:

Utilities
  • Prolog4J - Allows Java programs to use native Prolog engines - Open Source

JavaScript

Publications

  • J.A. Campbell: Implementations of Prolog - Halsted Press 1984, ISBN 0-85312-675-5
  • Feliks Kluźniak; Stanisław Szpakowicz: Prolog for Programmers - Academic Press 1987, ISBN 0-12-416521-4 [1]
  • Leon Sterling; Ehud Shapiro: The Art of Prolog - MIT Press 1994, ISBN 0-262-19338-8
  • Michael Spivey: An Introduction to Logic Programming through Prolog - Prentice-Hall 1996, ISBN 0-13-536047-1
  • Patrice Boizumault: The Implementation of Prolog- Translated by Ara M. Djamboulian and Jamal Fattouh - 1993/2014, ISBN 0-691-60939-X
  • Fernando C. N. Pereira; Stuart M. Shieber: Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis
  • Michael A. Covington; Donald Nute; André Vellino: Prolog Programming in Depth (Second edition) - Prentice-Hall 1997, ISBN 0-13-138645-X
Papers

Links

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