C++
A language in the CPL branch of the Algol family of programming languages, C++ is basically AT&T C with the object-oriented features of Simula. While you can compile and run C programs in a C++ environment and some C++ compilers are actually just C compilers with a pre-processor, C++ is in fact a very distinct language to C that by design uses mostly the same syntax.
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 OS/2 implementations
- 2.1 OS/2 C++ libraries and class libraries
- 2.2 GUI and application generators with C++ output
- 2.3 Translators that generate C++ output
- 2.4 Workframes and or IDE's
- 2.5 Code verifiers, beautifiers, visualisers and other C++ source code utilities
- 2.6 C++ source code snippets, archives and collections
- 2.7 Applications with a C++ programming interface
- 3 DOS implementations
- 4 Implementations that run under WinOS/2
- 5 Publications
- 6 Links
- 7 Standards
History
C++ was first implemented as a rudimentary pre-processor for C in 1979 and was then known simply as C with Classes, the name was changed to C84 in 1983 and when people realised that it would clash with the naming convention for the ANSI C formal standard process that had already begun it was changed again to C++ in 1985.
- Oct 1985: Cfront 1.0
- 1998: C++98 (ISO/IEC 14882:1998)
- 2003: C++03 (ISO/IEC 14882:2003)
- 2011: C++11 (ISO/IEC 14882:2011)
OS/2 implementations
- Borland C++ for OS/2
- Glockenspiel C++
- GNU C++ (g++) - Open Source
- IBM C Set++ for OS/2
- IBM VisualAge C++
- Metaware High C/C++
- Microway NDP C/C++
- Open Watcom C/C++ - Open Source
- JPI TopSpeed C++
- Watcom C/C++
- Zortech C++
- Interpreters
- Cint - Open source - Interpreter from CERN, intended for educational use
OS/2 C++ libraries and class libraries
If the compiler supports both C and C++, you can use C libraries with C++ programs and vice versa. However using C++ libraries from C can be a bit kludgey and require you to write bindings. While using C libraries from C++ is less problematic it can also require you to write some interfaces, take a look at the C page for available C libraries. Also see the Standard Template Library for STL support.
GUI class libraries
- Cubus OS/2 Class Library - Encapsulates PM and VIO API's - Open source
- Liant C++/Views - Multi-platform app framework/GUI library
- ObjectPM - Presentation Manager classes
- OpenZinc (formerly Zinc) - Multi-platform UI library - Originally commercial, now open source
- Qt - Multi-platform application and UI framework
- StarDivision StarView
- V C++ GUI Framework - Multi-platform - Open source
Database and file management
- C/Database Toolchest - Library for database creation and maintenance
- CdBFile - For reading/writing .dbf/xBase files - Open Source
- CSLIB - Database classes and generator
- CThrough - Graphics class library
- dbfLIB++ - A tool that allows you to work with xBase databases
- e_Comm - Communications and networking
- e_Db - Database engine
- e_Fs - Virtual file system
- Kroni's Classes - Class library with sundry PM functions - PostcardWare
- Lily - Embeddable LISP - Open Source
- Net.h++ - Networking and comms
- The Open Objects Library (OOL) - Originally freeware, now open source
- Socket++ - Networking library - Open Source
- Threads.h++ - Multi-threading
- Tools.h++ - Foundation classes
- WebM libvpx - VP8/VP9 streaming video - Open Source
- Xerces C++ - XML parser - Open Source
- ZGRAF - Graphing library
Data compression
Open source:
Signal processing
- Aquila - DSP library
- Simple SPL - DSP library - Freeware
GUI and application generators with C++ output
- Hockware VisPro/C++ - GUI Creator
- JBA Guidelines - GUI/Database/Application creator
- Professor Owl - Open Source - For Borland OWL only
- Vestronix Pro C - Database and spreadsheet application generator
Translators that generate C++ output
- Oracle Pro C - SQL > C++
- Tower Eiffel - Can optionally generate C++ instead of native output
Workframes and or IDE's
- CommonPoint
- Object WorkBench - Shareware
Code verifiers, beautifiers, visualisers and other C++ source code utilities
- CC-Rider C++ - Static analyser, beautifier and visualiser.
- DOC++ - Automatic document generator - Open source
- Ephedra - C/C++ to Java - Open source
- Exuberant ctags - Creates index files out of C++ source files - Open source
- PC-Lint
- SourceLink - Browser/Editor/Visualiser
C++ source code snippets, archives and collections
Small programs or routines that you can integrate into your own programs or study to learn from, but are not delivered in library form.
- Dave Briccetti's Programming Samples - Sundry C++ code example
- OS/2 Primecuts - OS/2 API Examples - Open source
- PostWhat WPS Class Example - WPS code and registration example - Open Source
Applications with a C++ programming interface
- PostgreSQL - SQL relational database system - Open source
DOS implementations
- Borland C++
- Borland Turbo C++
- Comeau C++
- Glockenspiel C++ (Guidelines C++, Oasys Designer C++)
- Intek C++
- Metaware High C/C++
- Microsoft C/C++ 7.0
- Watcom C/C++
- Orange C/C++ Compiler - Open Source
- Salford Software C++
- TopSpeed C++
- Digital Mars C/C++, Symantec C++, Zortech C++
- Interpreter
- Cint - Open source - Current - Interpreter from CERN, intended for educational use
Class libraries
- C/Database Toolchest - Library for database creation and maintenance
- CdBFile - For reading/writing .dbf/xBase files - Open Source
- e_Db - Databse engine
- ZGRAF - Graphing library
Editors support
- Boxer - C++ support included by default
- BRIEF
- Elvis - C++ syntax support included by default - Open source
- FTE - Has support for syntax highlighting, code folding and syntax-aware autoindent.
Implementations that run under WinOS/2
- Microsoft C/C++ 7.0 - Commercial - Discontinued
- TopSpeed C++ - Commercial - Discontinued - Cross compilation from DOS or OS/2 only
WinOS/2 compatible libraries and class libraries
- C/Database Toolchest - Library for database creation and maintenance - Note that the correct library for Win16b development is called the DOS library (but contains Win 16b libs as well) and not the Windows one.
- Net.h++ - Networking and comms
- Tools.h++ - Foundation classes
- V C++ GUI Framework - Multi-platform - Open source
Publications
Note that product specific publications are listed on their relative product page.
- Björn Fahller: Encapsulating Extended Attributes
- Dave Briccetti: Use DosAllocMem for Boundary Overflow Protection
- Darrell Spice: STLport and VAC++ for OS/2
- Gordon Zeglinski: The STL (Standardized Template Library)
- Standard Template Library
Books
- Bjarne Stroustrup: The C++ Programming Language (4th edition) - 2013, ISBN 0321958322
- More or less the standard text for learning C++, requires some prior programming knowledge, preferably C.
- Bjarne Stroustrup: The C++ Programming Language (2nd edition) - Addison-Wesley 1990, ISBN 0-201-53992-6
- An older version of the same book, again not for beginners but at half the size of the current version this is in some ways a better read for those that are using vintage compilers such as VisualAge C++.
- Margaret A. Ellis & Bjarne Stroustrup: The Annotated C++ Reference Manual - Addison-Wesley 1990, ISBN 0-201-51459-1
- In some ways better than the other Stroustrup works as a reference book, the explanations of some of the rules are much clearer. Not a tutorial, not for beginners.
- Taligent: Taligent's Guide to Designing Programs: Well Mannered Object-Oriented Design in C++ - Addison-Wesley 1994 - Available to read online form here - ISBN 0-201-40888-0
- Although outdated, a really good introduction to object oriented C++, not a beginners book but suitable for intermediate and advanced users.
- Anthony S. Rudd: C++ Complete: A Reference and Tutorial to the Proposed C++ Standard - Wiley 1994, ISBN 0-471-06565-X
- Kris Jamsa: Jamsa's C/C++/C# Programmer's Bible: 2nd edition - Delmar Cengage Learning 2002, ISBN 0766846822
Articles
- David R. Tribble: Incompatibilities Between ISO C and ISO C++ - Old but highly useful document for those wanting to port C code to C++
Tutorials and other learning material
- EDM/2 has its own C++ tutorial written by Terry Norton:
Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6
- MIX Software has a number of video courses available that focus on teaching C++, both for the beginner and tackles more advanced topics as well, note that these are delivered in VHS cassette format.
- The author of C++, Bjarne Stroustrup has a lot of introductory material on his homepage
Links
- The A-Z of Programming Languages: C++ - An interview with Bjarne Stroustrup - From Computerworld.
- USENET
- comp.lang.c++.moderated - Moderated C++ discussion group
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- C++ Super-FAQ - By Marshall Cline, Bjarne Stroustrup, Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandresc.
- C++ FAQ Lite - By Marshall Cline (1991-2003).
- Available C++ Libraries FAQ - A huge list of C++ class libraries, for all platforms but a tad outdated.
- Alternative C++ FAQ - From Cprogramming.com.
Standards
Apart from the original AT&T documents there appear to be no sources of free C++ standards texts, not even pre-publication or beta editions.
- Initially all C++ compilers and/or pre-processors were based on the original Bjarne Stroustrup pamphlets published by AT&T as C++ Reference Manual, Data Abstraction in C and C++ Tutorial.
- ISO/IEC 14882:1998 - Aka C++98, the first formal standard, largely written by Stroustrup himself.
- ISO/IEC 14882:2003 - Aka C++03 - Also has a "C++ Technical Report 1" with clarifications and errata or ISO/IEC TR 19768:2007, that is sometimes referred to as C++07.
- ISO/IEC 14882:2011 - Aka C++11
- ISO/IEC 14882:2014 - Aka C++14 (2014-12)
- ISO/IEC 14882:2017 - C++17
- ISO/IEC 14882:2020 - C++20 (2020-12)
- ISO C++ Working group homepage