LISP

LISP (LISt Processor) is a list processing language, one of the earliest programming language to feature a garbage collector.

History
It was first described in 1959 with working implementations arriving in the 1960s. Popular in early AI research but is also used as a scripting language in packages such as Emacs, later variants have gained functional programming features and most modern variants have also gotten some object-oriented features, but referring to any LISP variant as an object-oriented or a functional programming language is taking religious fervour a step too far.

The main problem LISP originally had in gaining any mainstream acceptance as a programming language was simply performance related, while LISP was perfectly acceptable for writing small programs in, large programs could only be done cost effectively after the advent of virtual memory, but that only happened in the late 60s on mainframes, in the 80s for minicomputers and workstations and in the 90s for microcomputers and by that time the LISP world had become so fragmented that it had difficulty maintaining any traction. This also lead a number of companies to release computer systems in the 1970s and 80s that were specifically designed to run LISP.

See also: Standard LISP

OS/2 Implementations
Open Source
 * CLISP
 * Lily - Embeddable LISP
 * newLISP
 * RefLisp
 * SCM
 * Valutron
 * xLISP

Libraries
Open Source
 * Closer to MOP - CLOS/MOP compatibility layer
 * Closette - Meta-object protocol
 * CL-XML - XML parser
 * ContextL - Context programming extensions for CLOS
 * Portable Common Loops - Object oriented abstractions
 * Screamer - Nondeterministic programming
 * Snappy - Compression library

Programmer's utilities

 * DTRACE - Debug tool
 * Exuberant ctags - Creates index files out of Scheme and LISP source files

Small programs or routines that you can integrate into your own programs or study to learn from, but are not delivered in library form.
 * Source code snippets, archives and collections
 * Artificial flavors
 * SDRAW - A utility that draws ConsCell structures
 * LISP games Wiki - Collection of mainly small LISP games

DOS Implementations
Commercial: Open Source:
 * BYSO LISP
 * Expert LISP
 * Intellect-UL LISP
 * IQLISP
 * Le-Lisp
 * Microsoft LISP
 * muLISP
 * Norell LISP/88
 * PC-LISP 3.0
 * TLC LISP
 * Waltz LISP
 * UO-LISP
 * ECoLisp
 * RefLisp
 * SCM
 * XLISP

Libraries
Commercial: Open source:
 * Dblisp - dBase II/II database access for GCL
 * Closette - Meta-object protocol
 * Portable Common Loops - Object oriented abstractions
 * Screamer - Nondeterministic programming
 * SLIB Portable Scheme Library - Portable version of Scheme in a library form

Closely related languages

 * Fjölnir - Open source


 * Editor support
 * Boxer - LISP syntax highlighting support built in

Win-OS/2 implementations

 * Apteryx Lisp 1.04 - shareware
 * Goldworks - Commercial
 * Le-Lisp (ILOG)
 * RefLisp - Open source
 * SCM - Open source

Libraries

 * Portable Common Loops - Object oriented abstractions - Open source

Java Implementations

 * GNU Kawa Scheme


 * Related languages
 * Clojure - Functional language that uses LISP syntax.

JavaScript Implementations

 * Biwa Scheme - Conforms to Revised(6) - Open source


 * Related languages
 * ClojureScript - Functional language that uses LISP syntax.

Books

 * John R. Anderson; Albert Corbett; Brian J. Reiser: Essential Lisp - Addison-Wesley 1986, ISBN 0-201-11148-9
 * Patrick Henry Winston; Berthold K.P. Horn: Lisp (Third edition) - Addison-Wesley 1989, ISBN 0-201-08319-1
 * An older edition of the book is available: [//www.atarimania.com/documents/LISP.pdf PDF]


 * Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman and Julie Sussman: Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs; Second edition - MIT Press 1996 - [//web.mit.edu/alexmv/6.037/sicp.pdf PDF]


 * Richard P. Gabriel: Performance And Evaluation Of Lisp Systems - 1985

Articles, talks, presentations and papers

 * Henry Baker's Archive of Research Papers - Primarily Lisp related but a few unrelated papers in-between.
 * Simon White: What is good about Lisp? - 2005
 * Nick Levine: CLAUDE - The Common Lisp Library Audience Expansion Toolkit - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France.
 * François-René Rideau: ASDF3, or Why Lisp is Now an Acceptable Scripting Language - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France. - Also available as a PDF.
 * Slightly misleading title, the talk is more about the package manager ASDF than scripting per se.


 * Pascal Costanza: How to Make Lisp More Special - Originally published in the Proceedings of the International Lisp Conference 2005, Stanford, California, USA, June 19-22, 2005.
 * Richard Barber & George Imlah: Delivering the Goods with Lisp. Communications of the ACM 34(9); pages 61-63 - 1991
 * CLOS, MOP and PCL
 * BYTE Magazine August 1979 - The LISP issue - Totally outdated by now, but a very interesting read, note that the DJVU version is only 1/20th the size of the PDF version before you download.
 * Meta-objects
 * Chrsitophe Rhodes: Generalizers: New Metaobjects for Generalized Dispatch - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France. - Also available as a PDF
 * Parallel processing
 * Pascal Costanza: Parallel Programming with Lisp for Performance - Recording of a talk held at the 7th European Lisp Symposium on May 5, 2014, Ircam, Paris, France - presentation (PDF)
 * Ron Goldman and Richard P. Gabriel: Qlisp: Parallel Processing in Lisp - Originally published in IEEE Software, Volume:6, Issue: 4, Page 51 ~ 59. ISSN 0740-7459
 * Kinson Ho: High-Level Abstractions for Symbolic Parallel Programming (Parallel Lisp Hacking Made Easy) - Originally published in June 1994 as Report No. UCB//CSD-94-816 by the Computer Science Division (EECS) of the University of California.
 * Joseph Simon Weening: Parallel Execution of Lisp Programs - Thesis originally published in June 1989 by the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University, California.
 * James C. Brodman, Basilio B. Fraguela, María J. Garzarán and David Padua: New Abstractions for Data Parallel Programming - Originally published in Proceedings of the First Usenix Workshop on Hot Topics in Parallelism, Usenix Association, 2009
 * Tasuku Hiraishi, Masaru Ueno, Tatsuya Abe, Motoharu Hibino, Takeshi Iwashita and Hiroshi Nakashima: Xcrypt on Lisp: A Scripting System for Job Level Parallel Programming in Lisp - 2012
 * M. D. Feng, W. F. Wong and C. K. Juen: Compiling Parallel LISP for a shared memory multiprocessor - 2007 masters thesis
 * Pascal Costanza, Charlotte Herzeel and Theo D’Hondt: Context-oriented Software Transactional Memory in Common Lisp - Originally published in the Proceedings of the Dynamic Languages Symposium 2009, co-located with OOPSLA 2009, Orlando, Florida, USA, October 26, 2009, ACM Digital Library.

Links

 * Tutorials
 * LispTutor Jr.
 * [//www.p-cos.net/lisp/guide.html Pascal Costanza's Highly Opinionated Guide to Lisp]
 * Lisp Style Tips for the Beginner